Antígenos del sistema sanguíneo ABO como factor de riesgo para la gravedad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 / Blood system ABO antigens as risk factor for severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Resumen Introducción: Se desconoce si existe una influencia del sistema sanguíneo ABO en susceptibilidad y gravedad de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Analizar si existe una asociación entre los antígenos del sistema ABO y la susceptibilidad y gravedad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Material y métodos: Se compararon las frecuencias de los antígenos del sistema ABO en 73 casos confirmados de infección por SARS-CoV-2 y 52 donadores clínicamente sanos. La gravedad de la infección se evaluó comparando la frecuencia de los antígenos por gravedad de la enfermedad y la mortalidad. Resultados: El riesgo de padecer infección por SARS-CoV-2 se incrementa en sujetos con antígeno A vs los no-A (OR=1.45; IC95 %:1.061-1.921). El fenotipo sanguíneo O disminuye el riesgo de padecer infección por SARS-CoV-2 (OR=0.686; IC95 %: 0.522-0.903). No se encontraron diferencias entre la gravedad de la enfermedad. En los pacientes graves, el riesgo de mortalidad se incrementó en sujetos con antígeno A vs los no-A (OR= 3.34; IC95 %: 1.417-8.159). Conclusión: El grupo sanguíneo A es un factor de riesgo para padecer infección por SARS-CoV-2, no así en la gravedad de la enfermedad, pero en los pacientes graves fue un factor de riesgo para la mortalidad.

Abstract Introduction: Whether there is an influence of the ABO blood system on susceptibility to the disease and its severity is unknown. Objective: To analyze if there is an association between the ABO blood system phenotypes and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severity. Material and methods: The frequency of ABO antigens was compared in 73 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 52 clinically healthy donors. The severity of the infection was evaluated by comparing the frequency of antigens by severity of the disease and mortality. Results: The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection is increased in subjects with antigen A vs non-A subjects (OR=1.45; 95 %: 1.061-1.921). Blood phenotype O decreases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR= 0.686; 95 % CI: 0.522-0.903). No differences were found regarding disease severity. The mortality risk is increased in subjects antigen A vs non-A (OR= 3.34; 95% IC: 1.417-8.159). Conclusion: Blood group A is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not for disease severity, although in critically ill patients it is a risk factor for mortality.

Association of blood group A with increased risk of coronary heart disease in the Pakistani population

Many reports have appeared in recent years showing an association between blood groups and cardiovascular diseases. Clinical studies in developed countries have shown that individuals of the A blood group phenotype are more susceptible to Coronary Heart Disease [CHD]. The present study was designed to investigate the correlation of ABO blood groups and CHD in the South Asian population. 252 CHD patients and 75 healthy controls were recruited from Karachi and Nawabshah, Pakistan. The results obtained in this study show that the prevalence of CHD in blood group A is invariably higher than in all other ABO blood groups. It is striking that despite the fact that the most prevalent blood group among Pakistanis is phenotype B, the incidence of CHD is highest in individuals with blood group phenotype A. This suggests that a certain CHD risk is associated with phenotype A. Thus, we conclude that, in the Pakistani cohort investigated in the present study, blood group phenotype A is associated with a substantially increased risk for CHD, which seems independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors

Relationship of blood group AYE with ischemic heart disease

To see the relationship between blood group AYE and ischemic heart disease. This was a case control study done at Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology [AFIC]/ National Institute of Heart Diseases [NIHD] from 1[st] July 2001 to 30[th] June 2003. Blood groups of all patients undergoing bypass surgery were recorded. The controls were the blood groups of all angiography negative cases from the same institute for the same period. Total of 1196 cases and 1196 controls were selected on 1:1 ratio. Out of 1196 cases, 519 [43.4%] were of AYE phenotype blood group [486 Aye positive and 33 Aye Negative], 369[30.8%] were BEE, 251[21.98%] were OOO, 57 [4.76%] were AB phenotype blood group. On computing the strength of association of blood group with the IHD, it was found that persons having blood group AYE have 3.34 times more chances of developing IHD than other blood groups. The difference was highly significant [P < 0.0001]. Out of 1196 controls, 223 [18.67%] were of blood group AYE [201 Aye positive and 22 Aye Negative], 468 [39.19%] were of blood group BEE, 432 [36.18%] were of Blood Group OOO, and 72 [6.03%] were of blood group AB. Being an important risk factor it is recommended that Blood Group AYE should be included in Non modifiable risk factors of ischemic heart disease